Category: Repository

‘Da’wah Islamiyah’ Values of API TAUHID Novel by Habiburrahman El Shirazy: Sructural Genetic Study

This research aims to find the Islamic da’wah values in Api Tauhid novel by Habiburrahman El Shirazy using genetic structural study. This research is qualitative research using content analysis technique. The findings of the values observed in terms of da’wah bil hikmah method are 28 pieces, da’wah bil mauidzah alhasanah method are 48 pieces, and da’wah bil mujadalah alhusna method are only 9 pieces. Meanwhile, the values of Islamic da’wah in terms of the da’wah material are as follows. The Islamic da’wah values of aqidah material are 21 pieces. And Islamic da’wah values in terms of morality material are 22 pieces. Thus, the overall total of the values of Islamic Da’wah is 128 pieces. It can be concluded that the da’wah bil almauidzah alhasanah is more widely used in the Islamic da’wah method of Api Tauhid novel. And da’wah material that is more widely used in the Islamic da’wah of the novel is morality (morality for God and neighbor). From the above conclusion, it is understandable that the da’wah conducted by Habiburrahman in the Api Tauhid novel talks more about morals through bil mauidzah alhasanah (good word) method. The researcher found the correlations between the content of the novel with the author’s life. First, the characters of Hamza and Bilal who know the
biography of a remarkable scholar Bediuzzaman Said Nursi in very detail, so that in the story they are able to tell Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s struggle coherently. Secondly, the depiction of the characters in the novel are very religious, especially the main character, Fahmi. Religious background is created no other than the madrasah he attended, after which he studied at boarding schools, and finally he enrolled to study religion in the
Middle Eastern country. Third, the story when Fahmi invited by his friend, Hamza (the Turk) to get around Turkey in memory of the history of the struggle of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Fourth, it is told in the novel about the Fahmi, Hamza and his friends’ trip in Turkey. They visited various places that become the traces of the history of Islam and the struggle of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. Based on the correlation explained above, the author in his work cannot be separated from the circumstances of the surrounding community. In this case, the characteristics, ideological, political, economic, and social culture’s are influental on this Habiburrahman’s work. Social culture that is attached to a work can be viewed from several aspects, such as: social culture, language, religion, employment, customs, arts, and others. The implication of this research is the implementation or application in High School which is expected to have a positive impact on students after
studying the literature teaching topic. Api Tauhid novel may be one of the sources of teaching Indonesian subject for High School class XII in the second semester.

Optimization of SRC (Semi Refined Carrageenan) and Glucomannan Concentration as Gelling Agent to the Physical Stability Sunscreen Gel of Dry Corncob Extract (Zea mays L.)

BACKGROUND: Corncob is one of crude drug which containing phenolic compounds that can be used as an active ingredient for sunscreen preparations. In this study, extracts of dried corn cob made into a gel formulation using SRC (Semi Refined Carrageenan) and glucomannan as a gelling agent.
AIM: This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of SRC (Semi Refined Carrageenan) and glucomannan to the physical stability of the gel.
METHODS: Gel made into four formulas with a ratio of 1: 4 and the concentration of each formula was 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%. Each formula was evaluated for 6 weeks of storage that includes organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersive power, freeze-thaw test and centrifugation.
RESULTS: The results showed the fourth formula did not change the organoleptic test and homogeneity test. In the test separation of the freeze-thaw method, the fourth formula was stable, while in the centrifugation test formula 1 and 2 was been separation. pH and viscosity results obtained from statistics with a two-way ANOVA showed significant differences in each formula.
CONCLUSION: From the results of this study concluded that the formula 3 with a concentration of 2% was the optimal concentration as a gelling agent.

Formulation, Characteristic Evaluation, Stress Test and Effectiveness Study of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) Expression of Glutathione Loaded Alginate Microspheres and Gel

Background: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the stability, characteristics and effectiveness of glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres through increased lipophilicity using surfactant with a Hydrophylic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value equal to 7. The selection of glutathione as an antioxidant was based on its prominent role in maintaining intracellular redox balance. Alginate was used as the polymer, while calcium chloride constituted a cross-linking agent and Tween and Span were employed as surfactants.
Methods: The study applied an ionotropic gelation-aerosolization method. Microspheres were characterized by their morphology, size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency and yield. Stress testing utilized a forced degradation method, while an effectiveness study of glutathione incorporated a Matrix Metalloproteinase I (MMP-1) parameter on mouse skin. Glutathione-microspheres, to which had been added surfactants with a HLB value equal to 7, were compared to those without surfactants.
Results: Microspheres demonstrated both high yield and encapsulation efficiency. From the stability study conducted, it was evident that the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than glutathione with surfactant, but without microspheres. Similarly, the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than the glutathione without surfactant. The in vivo effectivity showed lipophilic glutathione microspheres were able to decrease MMP-1 expression in the dermis tissue of mice.
Conclusion: The results of freeze-dried glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres with surfactant with a HLB value equal to 7 can be utilized as potential glutathione delivery systems.

Partition Coefficient and Glutathione Penetration of Topical Antiaging: Preformulation Study

Glutathione (GSH) is a broad antioxidant of the thiol-tripeptide group, highly hydrophilic, which has limitation for topical preparations. A lipophilic surfactant is an alternative method to enhance the glutathione partition. The purpose of this study was to determine the apparent partition coefficient (APC log) of glutathione; glutathione with additional surfactant at different HLB value of HLB 4.3; 5.5; 7; 11 and selected HLB was studied for penetration. The study was conducted by dissolving glutathione in water plus various HLB surfactants. Determination method of partition coefficient was done by shake flash method. The penetration test was conducted using the parameter of decreasing Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 expression on the balb-c male skin. The results can be used as a reference for topical glutathione formulations as these results are preformulation study.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM ALGINATE CONCENTRATION ON GREEN TEA LEAF (Camellia sinensis L.) EXTRACT GEL AS TIROSINASE INHIBITOR

Green tea leaf (Camellia sinensis L.) is a great plant containing polyphenol compounds
such as catechin and gallocatechin gallate that can be used as tyrosinase inhibitors. In
this study, the green tea leaf extract made into gel dosage form using sodium alginate as
a gelling agent. This research aimed to determine the effect of different sodium alginate
concentrations on the physical stability of gel extract green leaf and to know the effect of
gel formulation on tyrosinase inhibition. Gel made into 3 formulas with each
concentration of sodium alginate of 2; 2.5; 3%. The extraction of green tea leaves was
performed by reflux using 50% methanol solvent. The results showed that the three
formulas did not occur in phase separation, and had IC50 values of 34.80, 23.27, 20.69
μg/mL. The conclusion is gel dosage form with 3% sodium alginate gave the best
inhibition of tyrosinase with IC50 of 20.69 μg/mL.

Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Cordia sebestena L.

Trees and shrubs of the genus Cordia are widely distributed in the warmer regions, including Indonesia. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of plant leaves in Wistar albino rats.
The analgesic activity was evaluated using the hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing, and the anti-inflammatory
activity was determined using carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The results showed that the Cordia sebestena ethanol extract
(100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) exhibited significant analgesic effects in a dose-dependent manner in the two pain models tested. The
extract also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced inflammation test. The data obtained
support the traditional folklore therapeutic claim about its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, further
scientific investigation is required to establish its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in other experimental models and
clinical settings.

Screening Of Antibacterial Activity And Molecular Identification Of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Cabbage Fermentation On Bacillus Cereus Pathogenic Bacteria

Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL) are often found naturally in food ingredients such as
vegetables and fruits. Cabbage fermentation is one of the best sources of Lactic Acid Bacteria
which contain antibacterial compounds such as bacteriocin, hydrogen peroxide, and organic
acids. This study purpose are to isolate BAL, screen the antibacterial activity, and identification
of molecular of selected isolates. This study was initiated with Lactic Acid Bacteria isolation from
cabbage fermentation, followed by screening for antibacterial activity by disc diffussion method
and identification of molecular isolates which having the highest antibacterial activity by PCR
method. After isolation, 6 isolates were obtained: K31, K32, K33, K34, K35 and K36. The result
of antibacterial activity test showed that K32 isolate had the highest activity against bacterium of
Bacillus cereus. Molecular identification with PCR method and sequencing of amplification
results showed that K32 isolates having 99% similarity level to lactobacillus buchneri JCM 115
strain. From the results of the study it can be concluded that cabbage fermentation contains
Lactic Acid Bacteria which have antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus.

Perilaku Aktivitas Fisik dan Determinannya pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu – Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka

Berdasarkan data dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 kelompok remaja hingga dewasa muda
(15-24) memiliki gaya hidup tidak aktif (sedentary/kurang beraktivitas fisik) sebesar 52%. Kurangnya
aktivitas fisik dapat menyebabkan risiko kesehatan terutama timbulnya komplikasi penyakit tidak menular
seperti obesitas, diabetes, hipertensi dan gangguan jantung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
hubungan aktivitas fisik dan determinannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan
desain studi potong lintang. Sejumlah 846 mahasiswa Fikes Uhamka berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini.
Data dikumpulkan dengan mengisi sendiri kuesioner oleh mahasiswa. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi
square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara aktifitas fisik dengan determinannya dan regresi logistic untuk
mengetahui prediktor dari aktifitas fisik. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa rata-rata skor Metabolic
Equivalent (MET) adalah 1420,33 ± 2384,297. Responden yang memiliki aktivitas fisik yang rendah
sebesar 47,8%, aktivitas fisik sedang sebesar 39,6% dan aktivitas fisik tinggi hanya 12,6% responden. Ada
hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, ketersediaan fasilitas olahraga, dukungan
dosen, dan persepsi terhadap olahraga terhadap aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik aktif lebih banyak ditemui
pada responden kelamin laki-laki, mahasiswa yang sudah bekerja, ketersediaan sarana olahraga di rumah
atau lingkungan sekitar, adanya ajakan dosen untuk berolahraga dan adanya persepsi yang baik terhadap
olahraga. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa responden yang tidak bekerja, tidak terdapat fasilitas
olahraga di rumah, dan mempunyai persepsi yang kurang baik terhadap olahraga adalah prediktor untuk
memiliki aktivitas fisik pasif/ringan.